Before using, you should inspect the condition of the chain on your vice. Check that the links are not damaged and that the rivets are not bent or broken.
Cleaning
Clean the vice after each use, removing any metal filings that may be on the jaws or base.
Wipe the chain with a lightly-oiled cloth to prevent corrosion and rust.
Lubrication
The moving parts of the pipe vice should be oiled as often as is necessary to prevent them from becoming stiff.
Storage
When not in use, you should store your pipe vice in a shed or workshop away from any moisture that could potentially cause the tool to rust.