They use leverage to amplify (increase) the pressure exerted by the user when they squeeze the handles together, so that the force between the jaws is greater than the user’s input pressure.
Combination pliers work in a similar way to scissors, with two first-class levers joined so they pivot across each other. The amplified force means they can grip much tighter than you could with just your hand.
They usually have serrated jaws, which provide friction when gripping, and square tips, although there are some variations in jaw design. Combination pliers often have a rounded, serrated cut-out in the jaws, called a pipe grip, for holding rounded materials.